What two factors can affect the espresso shot window?

The espresso shot window refers to the optimal time frame for extracting the perfect shot of espresso, during which the flavors, aroma, and crema are at their best. The temperature of the water and the temperature of the portafilter play crucial roles in this process.

Water that is too hot or too cold can disrupt the extraction process, leading to either under-extraction or over-extraction of the coffee grounds. Proper temperature helps ensure that the oils and flavors are extracted effectively. Similarly, a heated portafilter helps maintain the water temperature during extraction, preventing it from cooling down too quickly as it comes into contact with the coffee grounds. This stability is essential for maintaining consistency in flavor and achieving the desired shot window.

While other factors might influence other aspects of coffee preparation or flavor, they do not directly relate to the espresso shot window as effectively as the temperature of the water and portafilter do.