What is a crema in coffee?

Crema is best understood as the creamy froth that forms on top of espresso shots, which is a key indicator of a well-prepared espresso. When water is forced through finely-ground coffee under pressure during the brewing process, it emulsifies the natural oils in the coffee beans, creating this rich, golden layer. The presence of crema signifies both the freshness of the beans and the quality of the extraction process, contributing to the aromatic and taste experience of the espresso. It enhances the overall flavor and texture, making it a critical element in coffee preparation, especially in espresso-based drinks.